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Earthworks are engineering works created through the moving or processing of parts of the earth's surface involving quantities of soil or unformed rock. The earth may be moved to another location and formed into a desired shape for a purpose.〔Frederick S. Merritt, M. Kent Loftin, Jonathan T. Ricketts, ''Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers, Fourth Edition'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1995, Page 13.1〕 Much of earthworks involves machine excavation and fill or backfill. ==Types of excavation== Excavation may be classified by type of material:〔Frederick S. Merritt, M. Kent Loftin, Jonathan T. Ricketts, ''Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers, Fourth Edition'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1995, Page 13.1〕 * Topsoil excavation * Earth excavation * Rock excavation * Muck excavation - this usually contains excess water and unsuitable soil * Unclassified excavation - this is any combination of material types Excavation may be classified by the purpose:〔Frederick S. Merritt, M. Kent Loftin, Jonathan T. Ricketts, ''Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers, Fourth Edition'', McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1995, Pages 13.1, 13.2〕 * Stripping * Roadway excavation * Drainage or structure excavation * Bridge excavation * Channel excavation * Footing excavation * Borrow excavation * Dredge excavation * Underground Excavation 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Earthworks (engineering)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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